Mapping and searching for a theory and concept of library diplomacy

Introduction. This theoretical paper presents an exploration of how the concept and theory of library diplomacy is portrayed and presented in the library and information science (LIS) and international relations (IR) context. The paper also aims to address research gaps and position library diplomacy in today's 21st-century international environment. Method. To illustrate how library diplomacy is theorized and conceptualized, a literature review analysis is used to search for theories, concepts, and frameworks to look at the state of knowledge about the term “library diplomacy” and this paper also described the literature using a conceptual framework on the dimensions of library diplomacy. Analysis.Through reviewing several diverse scholarships on library diplomacy in the LIS and IR context, a selection of theories, concepts, and frameworks were identified. The analysis provided guidance to the trajectory of literature related to the concept and theory of library diplomacy. Results.Library diplomacy is characterized with a few LIS and IR theories including, realism, liberalism, soft power, constructivism, and the international librarianship as a practice theory. A conceptual framework of library diplomacy dimensions including (1) Libraries in diplomacy; (2) Diplomacy for libraries; and (3) Libraries for diplomacy, is identified to better understand the practices, policies and processes linked to library diplomacy. Conclusions. There are many fragmented scholarships related to library diplomacy but only few attempted to explore the concept and theory. A grounded and empirical study is needed for better understanding of library diplomacy´s related theories and concepts presented in this study

Why Libraries Matter in the New Diplomacy Era?

Libraries, museums, and cultural centers have long been widely advocated for diplomacy as an enabler for knowledge sharing, cultural exchange, and scientific cooperation, advancing people-to-people ties and mutual understanding in the international system (Mariano and Vårheim, 2021). In spite of the contribution of libraries as a public sphere institution (Vårheim, Skare, and Lenstra, 2019), a memory institution for historical accounts and artifacts and cultural heritage (Luke and Kersel, 2013; Rubin, 2016), and social meeting place to promote multicultural societies (Aabø, Audunson, and Vårheim, 2010), libraries are still facing 21st - century uncertainties and challenges such as but not limited to the information and cultural crisis in the new cold war period, and the rampant spread of information disorder and infodemic crisis (Jankowicz, 2020; Stengel, 2019). Libraries and diplomacy are more crucial than ever to advance global solutions that no single country and group of nations and organizations can solve

Libraries, museums and cultural centers in foreign policy and cultural diplomacy:a scoping review

Purpose - Libraries, museums and cultural centers have long served as cultural ambassadors and foreign policy instruments, bridging diplomatic relationships among nation-states and institutions. The purpose of this scoping review is to ascertain and understand the emerging areas of research on libraries, museums and cultural centers in foreign policy and cultural diplomacy within broader research paradigms of international relations, social sciences, education and library and information studies by systematically mapping key concepts and identifying the types of studies and knowledge gaps. Design/methodology/approach - Using the Joanna Briggs Institute’s (JBI) Manual for Evidence Synthesis, relevant peer-reviewed journal articles, books and book chapters that were published over a wide time period in any language from various databases were systematically examined. Two reviewers worked independently to extract the data and reached a consensus regarding the inclusion criteria using the JBI’s data charting template. Findings - In total, 6,436 citations were screened, and 57 documents were identified as eligible for inclusion. The following sequences were reviewed and explored: study characteristics, theoretical approaches and research themes. The research themes were grouped into broader ones that included goals, actors, strategies and instruments. Finally, the concentration and clusters of ideas and gaps that emerged in the identified studies were investigated, resulting in a discussion of the recommendations and directions for future research. Originality/value - This first scoping review is a useful tool for investigating the changing and novel roles of libraries, museums and cultural centers in cultural diplomacy and foreign policy. Although substantial work exists on the topic, the potential remains for interdisciplinary research to challenge and extend the current knowledge about cultural diplomacy practices in libraries, museums and cultural centers

When bioprocess engineering meets machine learning: A survey from the perspective of automated bioprocess development

Machine learning (ML) is becoming increasingly crucial in many fields of engineering but has not yet played out its full potential in bioprocess engineering. While experimentation has been accelerated by increasing levels of lab automation, experimental planning and data modeling are still largerly depend on human intervention. ML can be seen as a set of tools that contribute to the automation of the whole experimental cycle, including model building and practical planning, thus allowing human experts to focus on the more demanding and overarching cognitive tasks. First, probabilistic programming is used for the autonomous building of predictive models. Second, machine learning automatically assesses alternative decisions by planning experiments to test hypotheses and conducting investigations to gather informative data that focus on model selection based on the uncertainty of model predictions. This review provides a comprehensive overview of ML-based automation in bioprocess development. On the one hand, the biotech and bioengineering community should be aware of the potential and, most importantly, the limitation of existing ML solutions for their application in biotechnology and biopharma. On the other hand, it is essential to identify the missing links to enable the easy implementation of ML and Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools in valuable solutions for the bio-community. There is no one-fits-all procedure; however, this review should help identify the potential for automating model building by combining first-principles biotechnology knowledge and ML methods to address the reproducibility crisis in bioprocess development.Fil: Duong Trung, Nghia. Technishe Universitat Berlin; AlemaniaFil: Born, Stefan. Technishe Universitat Berlin; AlemaniaFil: Kim, Jong Woo. Technishe Universitat Berlin; AlemaniaFil: Schermeyer, Marie Therese. Technishe Universitat Berlin; AlemaniaFil: Paulick, Katharina. Technishe Universitat Berlin; AlemaniaFil: Borisyak, Maxim. Technishe Universitat Berlin; AlemaniaFil: Cruz Bournazou, Mariano Nicolas. Technishe Universitat Berlin; AlemaniaFil: Werner, Thorben. University of Hildesheim; AlemaniaFil: Scholz, Randolf. University of Hildesheim; AlemaniaFil: Schmidt Thieme, Lars. University of Hildesheim; AlemaniaFil: Neubauer, Peter. Technishe Universitat Berlin; AlemaniaFil: Martínez, Ernesto Carlos. Technishe Universitat Berlin; Alemania. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo y Diseño. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo y Diseño; Argentin